The first number is the systolic arterial blood pressure, which means that it is the pressure read when the heart contracts, beats or pumps out blood. The second number is when the heart sucks in blood, ready to pump it out again.
These figures are given in millimetres of mercury and are written as mmHg. Higher readings of either of these figures can be a sign of a difficulty. One thing to make patent here is that it is impossible to guess or estimate the pressure of your blood without using either a sphygmomanometer ( the one your medical doctor uses in the surgery), which is the gold standard of blood pressure monitoring units or a home blood monitoring machine.
Blood pressure can be affected by numerous things such as: time of the day, age, weight, height, mood, fitness, diet, level of activity and stress, which may or may not be part of 'white coat syndrome' amongst others. 'White coat syndrome' is the worry felt by individuals when they have to be examined by a physician. This applies to children more than to any other age group.
Blood pressure also varies during the day, so in order to acquire an accurate reading, it is necessary to take a number of them all at the same time of day. It is also wise to wait 45 minutes after drinking caffeine or ten minutes after arriving before taking a reading.
So, what is standard? The real answer, although it is maddening, is that only a GP can tell you, however for an adult, they say that it is 120/80, for an adolescent it is 110/70 and for an infant it is 80/45.
However, when measuring and evaluating the blood pressure of adolescents, you have to keep in mind that age, sex and height matter. Therefore, an adolescent is said to have high blood pressure if the blood pressure is over that of ninety percent of individuals of his/her age, gender and height.
The causes of hypertension are classed as primary or secondary. Primary means that it is all your body's fault and secondary means that the reason is something else, say, medication. Hypertension can also be the result of race or other hereditary reasons. Males of African descent are particularly at danger.
One of the items you can buy to keep you knowledgeable about your family's blood pressure worries is a home blood pressure monitor. These devices are quite cheap and are very accurate, so buy an automatic digital monitor but take it to your doctor to be certain that it is accurate and ask for the readings that are pertinent to all the members of your family.
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